A study of the archaeology, history, architecture, sculpture, excavation and restoration of the ancient city of Hatra. This city in northern Mesopotamia, with a history covering more than five centuries, was allied with the Parthian empire against the Romans, and the only city to resist the might of armies led by emperors Trajan and Septimius Severus. The Sassanid ruler Shapur I put an end to its political role in 240/1 CE, but its final end came at the hands of Shapur II, probably during the first quarter of the fourth century CE.