The Washington Manual Pulmonary Medicine Subspecialty Consult 3rd Edition

Concise,  portable, and user-friendly, The Washington Manual® Pulmonary Medicine  Subspecialty Consult, Third Edition, provides quick access to essential  information on the diagnosis and management of a variety of acute and  chronic lung diseases. Edited by Drs. Adam Anderson, Colleen McEvoy,  Mary Clare McGregor, and Shail Mehta, this bestselling manual offers  state-of-the-art guidance on the physical exam, diagnosis, management,  and treatment follow-up for various pulmonary disorders, including COPD,  cystic fibrosis, pulmonary infections, and much more. Ideal for  pulmonary medicine fellows, internal medicine residents, advanced  practice providers, and medical students rotating on pulmonary  subspecialty services, the manual is also useful as a first-line  resource for internists and other primary care providers.  

1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. Copyright
4. Contributors
5. Department Chair’s Note
6. Preface
7. Contents
8. 1. The Chest Radiograph
9. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
10. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
11. Patient Position and Study Quality
12. CXR Views
13. GENERAL APPROACH TO CXR INTERPRETATION
14. Osseous Structures
15. Upper Abdomen
16. The Diaphragm
17. The Mediastinum
18. The Aorta
19. The Hila
20. The Pleural and Extrapleural Spaces
21. Medical Devices
22. Lungs
23. Final Steps
24. COMMONLY USED FINDINGS FOR EVALUATING LUNG DISEASE
25. Radiographic Densities
26. Radiographic Signs
27. Lobar Collapse
28. Pneumothorax
29. Diffuse Lung Disease
30. 2. Chest Computed Tomography
31. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
32. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
33. Ordering a CT
34. CT Scans and Protocols
35. Preparing the Patient
36. GENERAL APPROACH TO CT INTERPRETATION
37. Window Levels and Window Width
38. Basic Anatomy
39. APPROACH FOR READING CHEST CT
40. Soft Tissue Window
41. Lung Window
42. Basic Lung Parenchymal Patterns
43. 3. Pulmonary Function Testing
44. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
45. NORMAL VALUES AND REFERENCE RANGES
46. Percent Predicted Method
47. The Lower Limit of Normal Method
48. STANDARDIZATION OF PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
49. Acceptability Criteria
50. Reproducibility Criteria
51. NORMAL PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
52. Flow–Volume Loops
53. FEV1 and FVC
54. Lung Volumes
55. EVALUATING PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST PATTERNS
56. OBSTRUCTIVE VENTILATORY DEFECTS
57. Quantifying an Obstructive Ventilatory Defect
58. Assessing for Bronchodilator Reversibility
59. Determining if Hyperinflation Is Present
60. Determining if Air Trapping Is Present
61. The Flow–Volume Loop in Obstructive Ventilatory Defects
62. UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
63. Fixed Upper Airway Obstruction
64. Variable Upper Airway Obstruction
65. RESTRICTIVE VENTILATORY DEFECTS
66. The Flow–Volume Loop in Restrictive Ventilatory Defects
67. DIFFUSING CAPACITY
68. OTHER PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
69. Maximal Voluntary Ventilation
70. Methacholine Challenge Testing
71. 4. Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy
72. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
73. Pre-bronchoscopy Evaluation
74. Procedural Medications
75. Monitoring
76. Technique
77. Postprocedure
78. DIAGNOSIS
79. TREATMENT
80. COMPLICATIONS
81. 5. Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
82. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
83. Definition
84. Classification
85. Pathophysiology
86. Etiology
87. Low Mixed Venous Oxygen Content
88. DIAGNOSIS
89. Clinical Presentation
90. Diagnostic Criteria
91. TREATMENT
92. Oxygen Delivery Devices
93. Other Therapies
94. MONITORING, PATIENT EDUCATION, AND FOLLOW-UP
95. 6. Noninvasive Ventilation
96. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
97. Definition
98. Clinical Application
99. CLASSIFICATION
100. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
101. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure
102. Average Volume-Assured Pressure Support
103. SPECIFIC DISEASE INDICATIONS FOR NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
104. Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema
105. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
106. Postextubation Respiratory Failure
107. Chest Wall Deformity and Neuromuscular Disease
108. Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Trauma
109. Asthma
110. Palliative Noninvasive Ventilation
111. INITIATION OF NONINVASIVE VENTILATION
112. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND MONITORING
113. 7. Cough
114. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
115. Classification
116. Etiology
117. Pathophysiology
118. DIAGNOSIS
119. Clinical Presentation
120. Diagnostic Criteria: Sputum Production
121. Differential Diagnosis
122. Diagnostic Testing
123. TREATMENT
124. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
125. 8. Asthma
126. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
127. DIAGNOSIS
128. Clinical Presentation
129. Diagnostic Testing
130. TREATMENT
131. Medications
132. Nonpharmacologic Therapies
133. Lifestyle Modification and Multimorbidity Management
134. ACUTE ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS
135. Clinical Presentation
136. Diagnostic Testing
137. Management of Asthma Exacerbations
138. 9. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
139. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
140. Definition
141. Classification
142. Epidemiology
143. Pathophysiology
144. Risk Factors
145. Associated Conditions
146. DIAGNOSIS
147. Clinical Presentation
148. Diagnostic Criteria
149. Differential Diagnosis
150. Diagnostic Testing
151. Diagnostic Procedures
152. TREATMENT
153. Acute Exacerbations
154. Medications
155. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
156. CHRONIC COPD TREATMENT
157. Medications
158. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
159. Surgical Management
160. Lifestyle/Risk Modification
161. PROGNOSIS
162. 10. Tobacco and Inhalational Abuse
163. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
164. Epidemiology
165. Pathophysiology
166. Associated Conditions
167. DIAGNOSIS
168. Diagnostic Criteria
169. TREATMENT
170. Medications
171. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
172. MONITORING/FOLLOW-UP
173. PROGNOSIS
174. 11. Community-Acquired Pneumonia
175. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
176. Definition
177. Classification
178. Epidemiology
179. Etiology
180. Pathophysiology
181. Risk Factors
182. Prevention
183. DIAGNOSIS
184. Clinical Presentation
185. Differential Diagnosis
186. Diagnostic Testing
187. TREATMENT
188. Medications
189. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
190. Duration of Antimicrobial Therapy
191. Surgical Management
192. MONITORING/FOLLOW-UP
193. OUTCOME/PROGNOSIS
194. 12. Nosocomial Pneumonia
195. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
196. Definition
197. Classification
198. Epidemiology
199. Etiology
200. Pathophysiology
201. Risk Factors
202. Prevention
203. DIAGNOSIS
204. Clinical Presentation
205. Diagnostic Testing
206. TREATMENT
207. Medications
208. Duration of Therapy
209. 13. Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease
210. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
211. Latent TB/TBI
212. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
213. DIAGNOSIS5
214. TREATMENT
215. Active Pulmonary TB/ Tuberculosis Disease
216. DIAGNOSIS
217. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
218. TREATMENT
219. Nontuberculous Pulmonary Disease
220. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
221. DIAGNOSIS
222. TREATMENT
223. Mycobacterium Avium Complex Lung Disease
224. Mycobacterium abscessus
225. Mycobacterium kansasii
226. 14. Fungal Pulmonary Infections
227. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
228. Aspergillosis
229. Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
230. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
231. DIAGNOSIS
232. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
233. TREATMENT
234. Subacute and Chronic Necrotizing Aspergillosis
235. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
236. DIAGNOSIS
237. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
238. TREATMENT
239. Aspergilloma
240. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
241. DIAGNOSIS
242. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
243. TREATMENT
244. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
245. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
246. DIAGNOSIS
247. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
248. TREATMENT
249. Blastomycosis
250. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
251. DIAGNOSIS
252. Clinical Presentation
253. Diagnostic Testing
254. Treatment
255. Candidiasis
256. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
257. Coccidioidomycosis
258. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
259. DIAGNOSIS
260. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
261. TREATMENT
262. Cryptococcosis
263. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
264. DIAGNOSIS
265. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
266. TREATMENT
267. Fusariosis
268. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
269. DIAGNOSIS
270. TREATMENT
271. Histoplasmosis
272. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
273. DIAGNOSIS
274. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
275. TREATMENT
276. COMPLICATIONS
277. Mucormycosis
278. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
279. DIAGNOSIS
280. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
281. TREATMENT
282. Pneumocystis Pneumonia
283. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
284. DIAGNOSIS
285. DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
286. TREATMENT
287. 15. Viral Respiratory Infections
288. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
289. Classification in the Normal Host
290. Respiratory Virus Infections in Special Adult Populations
291. Prevention
292. Diagnosis
293. Treatment
294. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS: SPECIFIC VIRAL PATHOGENS
295. Adenovirus
296. Coronaviruses
297. Cytomegalovirus
298. Herpesviruses: HSV-1, EBV, VZV
299. Influenza Virus
300. Metapneumovirus54
301. Parainfluenza Virus54
302. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
303. Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses
304. Complications
305. 16. Cystic Fibrosis
306. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
307. Definition
308. Epidemiology
309. Pathophysiology
310. DIAGNOSIS
311. Clinical Presentation
312. Diagnostic Criteria
313. Differential Diagnosis
314. Diagnostic Testing
315. TREATMENT
316. Pulmonary
317. Gastrointestinal
318. Endocrine and Reproductive
319. Lung Transplantation
320. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
321. COMPLICATIONS
322. 17. Hemoptysis
323. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
324. Definition
325. DIAGNOSIS
326. Clinical Presentation
327. Differential Diagnosis
328. Diagnostic Testing
329. TREATMENT
330. 18. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage
331. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
332. DIAGNOSIS
333. Clinical Presentation
334. Differential Diagnosis
335. Diagnostic Testing
336. TREATMENT
337. 19. Pulmonary Vasculitis
338. Vasculitis Overview
339. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
340. Definition
341. Classification
342. Epidemiology
343. DIAGNOSIS
344. TREATMENT
345. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
346. Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
347. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
348. DIAGNOSIS
349. Clinical Presentation
350. Diagnostic Criteria
351. Diagnostic Testing
352. TREATMENT
353. Microscopic Polyangiitis
354. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
355. DIAGNOSIS
356. Clinical Presentation
357. Diagnostic Criteria
358. Diagnostic Testing
359. TREATMENT
360. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
361. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
362. DIAGNOSIS
363. Clinical Presentation
364. Diagnostic Criteria
365. Differential Diagnosis
366. Diagnostic Testing
367. TREATMENT
368. 20. Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis
369. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
370. Definition
371. Epidemiology
372. Etiology
373. Risk Factors
374. Pathophysiology
375. DIAGNOSIS
376. Clinical Presentation
377. Differential Diagnosis
378. Diagnostic Testing
379. RISK STRATIFICATION
380. TREATMENT
381. General Principles
382. Respiratory and Circulatory Support
383. Anticoagulation
384. PE Response Teams
385. Thrombolysis
386. Inferior vena cava (IVC) Filters
387. Advanced Therapies
388. Complications of Therapy
389. PROGNOSIS
390. MONITORING AND FOLLOW-UP
391. 21. Pulmonary Hypertension
392. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
393. Definition
394. Classification
395. Epidemiology
396. Pathophysiology
397. DIAGNOSIS
398. Clinical Presentation
399. Diagnostic Criteria
400. Diagnostic Testing
401. Diagnostic Procedures
402. TREATMENT
403. Treatment of Groups 2–4
404. Pharmacologic Therapy for Group 1
405. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
406. Surgical Management
407. Lifestyle/Risk Modification
408. REFERRAL
409. MONITORING/FOLLOW-UP
410. OUTCOME/PROGNOSIS
411. 22. Pleural Diseases
412. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
413. Definition
414. Epidemiology
415. Etiology
416. Pathophysiology
417. Risk Factors
418. DIAGNOSIS
419. Clinical Presentation
420. Diagnostic Criteria
421. Differential Diagnosis
422. Diagnostic Testing
423. TREATMENT
424. Medications
425. Other Nonpharmacologic Therapies
426. Surgical Management
427. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
428. COMPLICATIONS
429. REFERRAL
430. 23. Sleep-Disordered Breathing
431. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
432. Definitions1
433. Classification
434. Epidemiology
435. Etiology
436. Pathophysiology
437. Risk Factors
438. Prevention
439. Associated Conditions
440. DIAGNOSIS
441. Clinical Presentation
442. Diagnostic Criteria
443. Differential Diagnosis
444. Diagnostic Testing
445. Diagnostic Procedures
446. TREATMENT
447. Medications
448. Nonpharmacologic Therapies
449. Lifestyle/Risk Modification
450. 24. Interstitial Lung Disease
451. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
452. Classification and Epidemiology
453. Etiology and Pathogenesis
454. DIAGNOSIS
455. Overview of Diagnosis
456. Clinical Presentation
457. Diagnostic Testing
458. Imaging
459. Lung Sampling
460. Diagnostic Features of Selected Diseases
461. TREATMENT
462. Overview of Treatment
463. Immunosuppressive Therapy
464. Other Pharmacologic Therapies
465. Nonpharmacologic Therapies
466. Advance Care Planning and Palliative Care
467. CONCLUSIONS
468. 25. Occupational Lung Disease
469. INTRODUCTION
470. Asbestos-Associated Lung Disease
471. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
472. DIAGNOSIS
473. Coal Dust-Associated Pulmonary Disease
474. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
475. DIAGNOSIS
476. Silica-Associated Lung Disease
477. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
478. DIAGNOSIS
479. Workplace- and Environment-Associated Bronchial Reactivity
480. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
481. DIAGNOSIS
482. TREATMENT
483. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
484. General Principles
485. DIAGNOSIS
486. Diagnostic Testing
487. TREATMENT
488. Toxic Lung Injury
489. Silo Filler’s Disease
490. CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE
491. 26. Antineoplastic Therapy–Induced Pulmonary Disease
492. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
493. Classification and Epidemiology
494. Pathophysiology
495. Risk Factors
496. DIAGNOSIS
497. Clinical Presentation
498. History
499. Diagnostic Criteria
500. Differential Diagnosis
501. Imaging
502. Diagnostic Procedures
503. TREATMENT
504. Medications
505. OUTCOME/PROGNOSIS
506. 27. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
507. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
508. DIAGNOSIS
509. Clinical Presentation
510. Differential Diagnosis
511. Diagnostic Testing
512. Further Evaluation of the SPN
513. TREATMENT
514. 28. Lung Transplantation
515. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
516. DONOR AND CANDIDATE SELECTION
517. Indications and Timing of Referral by Diagnosis
518. Recipient Selection and Organ Allocation
519. Donor Selection
520. Surgical Considerations
521. TREATMENT
522. Immunosuppressive Therapy
523. Specific Agents
524. COMPLICATIONS
525. Hyperacute Rejection
526. Acute Rejection
527. Antibody-Mediated Rejection
528. Chronic Rejection
529. Infection in the Lung Transplant Patient
530. Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder
531. Other Complications
532. OUTCOMES
533. Index