Fundamentals of Microbiology

Chapter Opening Stories
Index of Boxed Features
Preface
The Student Experience
Teaching Tools
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Dedication
Reviewers for the Twelfth Edition
To the Student—Study Smart
Chapter 1 Introduction to Microbiology: Then and Now
1-1 Microbial Communities Support and Affect All Life on Earth
1-2 The Human Body Has Its Own Microbiome
1-3 Microbiology Then: The Pioneers
1-4 The Microbial World Is Cataloged into Unique Groups
1-5 Microbiology Now: Challenges Remain
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 2 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life
2-1 Organisms Are Composed of Atoms
2-2 Chemical Bonds Form Between Reactive Atoms
2-3 All Living Organisms Depend on Water
2-4 Living Organisms Are Composed of Four Types of Large Organic Molecules
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 3 Naming, Observing, and Cataloging the Microbial World
3-1 Nomenclature Assigns a Scientific Name to Organisms
3-2 Microscopy Is Used to Visualize the Structure of Cells and Viruses
3-3 Staining and Other Light Microscopy Techniques Provide Contrast
3-4 Classifying Microorganisms Reveals Relationships Between Organisms
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 4 Structure and Organization of Prokaryotic Cells
4-1 Prokaryotes Can Be Distinguished by Their Cell Shape and Arrangements
4-2 Bacterial and Archaeal Cells Have an Organized Structure
4-3 Cell-Surface Structures Interact with the Environment
4-4 Most Prokaryotic Cells Have a Cell Envelope
4-5 The Cell Cytoplasm Is Packed with Internal Structures
4-6 There Is Tremendous Diversity Among the Domains Bacteria and Archaea
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 5 Eukaryotic Microbial Cells and Parasites
5-1 Eukaryotic Cells Contain a Variety of Organelles
5-2 The Eukaryotic Cell Arose from Prokaryotic Ancestors
5-3 The Fungi Include the Molds and Yeasts
5-4 The Protists Exhibit Great Structural and Functional Diversity
5-5 Parasitic Helminths Cause Substantial Morbidity Worldwide
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 6 The Viruses and Other Infectious Agents
6-1 Filterable Infectious Agents Cause Disease
6-2 Viruses Have a Simple Structural Organization
6-3 Viruses Can Be Classified by Their Genome
6-4 Virus Replication Follows a Set of Common Steps
6-5 Viruses and Their Infections Can Be Detected in Various Ways
6-6 Some Viruses Are Associated with Human Tumors and Cancers
6-7 Emerging Viruses Arise from Genetic Recombination and Mutation
6-8 Prions Are Noncellular Infectious Agents
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 7 Microbial Growth and Nutrition
7-1 Microbial Growth and Reproduction Comprise the Cell Cycle
7-2 Optimal Growth Is Dependent on Several Physical and Chemical Factors
7-3 Culture Media Can Be Used to Grow Many Microbes
7-4 Population Measurements Are Made Using Pure Cultures
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism
8-1 Enzymes and Energy Drive Cellular Metabolism
8-2 Aerobic Respiration Is a Pathway to ATP Production
8-3 Anaerobic Metabolism Involves Other Pathways to ATP Production
8-4 Photosynthesis Converts Light Energy to Chemical Energy
8-5 Microbes Exhibit Metabolic Diversity
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 9 Microbial Genetics
9-1 The Hereditary Molecule in All Organisms Is DNA
9-2 DNA Replication Is Part of the Cell Cycle
9-3 Gene Expression Produces RNA and Protein for Cell Function
9-4 Mutations Are Heritable Changes in a Cell’s DNA
9-5 Techniques Exist for Identifying Mutants
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 10 Gene Transfer, Genetic Engineering, and Genomics
10-1 Bacterial Cells Can Recombine Genes in Several Ways
10-2 Genetic Engineering Involves the Deliberate Transfer of Genes Between Organisms
10-3 Microbial Genomics Studies Genes and Genomes at the Single-Cell to Community Levels
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 11 Control of Microorganisms: Physical Methods and Chemical Agents
11-1 Microbial Growth Can Be Controlled in Several Ways
11-2 A Variety of Physical Methods Can Control Microbial Growth
11-3 Chemical Control Usually Involves Disinfection
11-4 A Variety of Chemical Agents Can Limit Microbial Growth
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 12 Control of Microorganisms: Antimicrobial Drugs and Superbugs
12-1 Antimicrobial Agents Are Chemical Substances Used to Treat Infectious Disease
12-2 Synthetic Antibacterial Agents Primarily Inhibit DNA Synthesis and Cell Wall Formation
12-3 Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Target Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
12-4 Other Antibiotics Target Some Aspect of Metabolism
12-5 Several Tests Evaluate Microbial Susceptibility to Antimicrobials
12-6 Other Antimicrobial Drugs Target Viruses, Fungi, and Parasites
12-7 Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Is a Growing Challenge
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 13 Diagnosing Infections
13-1 Several Methods Are Available to Identify and Diagnose an Infection
13-2 Clinical Specimens for Testing Must Be of High Quality
13-3 Phenotypic Methods Include Microscopy, Staining, and Biochemical Testing
13-4 Molecular Tests Make Use of Nucleic Acid Sequencing and Protein Detection
13-5 Serological Tests Involve Immunological Reactions
A Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 14 Infectious Diseases of the Respiratory System
14-1 The Respiratory System and a Resident Microbiome Normally Hinder Bacterial Colonization
14-2 Several Microbial Infections Affect the URT
14-3 Some Pathogens Can Spread from the URT to the LRT
14-4 Several Other Prokaryotic, Viral, and Eukaryotic Pathogens Target the LRT
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 15 Infectious Diseases of the Digestive System
15-1 The Digestive System Has a Diverse Resident Microbiome
15-2 Bacterial Diseases of the Oral Cavity Can Affect One’s Overall Health
15-3 GI Tract Pathogens Usually Are Spread Through Food and Water
15-4 Some Bacterial Diseases Are the Result of Foodborne Intoxications
15-5 GI Infections Can Be Caused by Several Bacterial Pathogens
15-6 Digestive System Illnesses Also Can Be Caused by Viruses and Eukaryotic Microbes
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 16 Infectious Diseases Affecting the Skin, Soft Tissues, and Eyes
16-1 The Skin Contains a Resident Microbiome
16-2 A Variety of Skin Diseases Are the Result of Bacterial Pathogens
16-3 Several Viruses Are Associated with Human Skin Infections
16-4 Some Fungi and Parasites Can Invade the Skin
16-5 Several Infectious Diseases Affect the Eye
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 17 Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System
17-1 The Nervous System Defenses Are Primarily Structural
17-2 Bacterial Diseases of the Central Nervous System Can Be Life-Threatening Emergencies
17-3 Some Viral Pathogens Target the Central Nervous System
17-4 Diseases of the Nervous System Can Be Caused by Eukaryotic Microorganisms
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 18 Systemic Infectious Diseases
18-1 The Human Body Has Two Systems for Transporting Fluids
18-2 Several Circulatory System Diseases Are Caused by Bacteria and Helminthic Parasites
18-3 Systemic Bacterial Diseases Can be Spread by Arthropods
18-4 Viruses Can Cause Human Systemic Diseases
18-5 Malaria and Sleeping Sickness Are Two Prominent Systemic Protistan Diseases
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 19 Infectious Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems
19-1 Urinary Tract Infections Are the Second Most Common Body Infection
19-2 Several Bacterial Species Are Associated with Urinary Tract Infections
19-3 Portions of the Female and Male Reproductive Systems Contain a Resident Microbiome
19-4 Several Prominent STIs Are Caused by Bacteria and Protists
19-5 Several STIs Are Caused by Viruses
19-6 The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Is Responsible for HIV Infection and AIDS
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 20 The Host–Microbe Relationship and Infectious Disease Epidemiology
20-1 The Host and Microbe Have an Intimate Relationship in Health and Disease
20-2 Pathogens Differ in Their Ability to Cause Infectious Disease
20-3 Pathogens Are Transmitted from a Reservoir
20-4 Establishment of Infection Can Lead to Disease
20-5 Epidemiology Is Key to Fighting Infectious Diseases
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 21 The Immune Response to Infection: Innate Immunity
21-1 The Immune System Is a Network of Cells and Molecules to Defend Against Foreign Substances
21-2 Surface Barriers Are the First Line of Defense
21-3 Innate Immunity Is a Cellular Response to Pathogen Invasion
21-4 Innate Immunity Also Produces Molecules That Affect or Damage Pathogens
As a Final Point . . .
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 22 The Immune Response to Infection: Adaptive Immunity and Vaccination
22-1 The Adaptive Immune Response Targets a Specific Invading Pathogen
22-2 Humoral Immunity Is an Antibody-Mediated Immune Response to Infection
22-3 Cell-Mediated Immunity Is a T-Lymphocyte Response to Infection
22-4 Vaccines Can Build Adaptive Immunity to Some Infectious Diseases
A Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Chapter 23 Infectious Disease and Immune Disorders
23-1 Type I Hypersensitivity Represents a Familiar Allergic Response
23-2 Other Types of Hypersensitivities Represent Immediate or Delayed Reactions
23-3 Autoimmune Disorders and Transplantation Are Immune Responses to “Self”
23-4 Immunodeficiency Disorders Can Be Inherited or Acquired
As a Final Point …
Summary of Key Concepts
Chapter Self-Test
Appendix A Pronunciation Guide to Microorganisms
Appendix B Metric Measurement and Temperature Conversion Chart
Appendix C CDC Summary of Notifiable Diseases in the United States 2018
Glossary
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index